By PhD Michał Dulak Due to the informal and thus flexible nature of the Visegrad Group, the question of whether cooperation within it still exists never ceases to be relevant. Even if there
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By Balázs Tárnok What have the previous treaty amendments achieved in the European Union, particularly the significant reforms implemented by the Maastricht and Lisbon Treaties? When might the amendment of EU treaties come
The safety of civilians became an important task for EU countries in the 20th century. In addition to military security systems, non-military security systems such as rescue, firefighting and crisis management mechanisms have
The treaty changes proposed by the European Parliament in November 2023 aim to centralize power in the EU at the expense of national democracies. They significantly increase the influence on EU decisions of
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Evaluating the potential recommissioning of the Nord Stream 1 and 2 gas pipelines – the Polish perspective
Introduction The Nord Stream gas pipelines have been a source of significant geopolitical tension within Europe. These pipelines, which directly connect Russia to Germany via the Baltic Sea, have historically been seen as